会話 Dialogue 1

 

単語 Vocabulary

Romanized Japanese	Hiragana	Other Japanese scripts	English
minna de	みんなで		everyone together
eiga	えいが	映画	movie
＋eigakan	えいがかん	映画館	movie theater
＋umi	うみ	海	ocean, sea
＋yama	やま	山	mountain
＋onsen	おんせん	温泉	hot spring
ni	に		to (goal of motion)
＋e	へ		to (direction of motion)
aidea	あいであ	アイデア	idea
eki	えき	駅	station
＋basutei	バスてい	バス停	bus stop
~fun/pun	〜ふん／ぷん	分	minute (s)
ni	に		at (point in time)
machiawasemasu	まちあわせます	待ち合わせます	meet, rendezvous
machiawase	まちあわせ	待ち合わせ	get-together, date
＋gozen	ごぜん	午前	morning, a.m.
＋gogo	ごご	午後	afternoon, p.m.

文法 Grammar Notes

6-1-1 Location Particles Ni and E

A place noun followed by particle ni or e, written as へ in Hiragana, indicates the ending point or direction of motion. The particles ni and e are typically used with motion verbs such as ikimasu, kimasu, kaerimasu. The difference between ni and e is subtle. Precisely speaking, ni assumes arrival at the goal while e indicates movement towards a place. But the two can be used interchangeably in many cases.

がっこうい
学校に／へ行きます。 Gakkou ni/e ikimasu.

I’ll go to school.

かえ
アメリカに／へ帰りました。Amerika ni/e kaerimashita.

I returned to America.

Both ni and e can be used with other verbs indicating the direction or goal.

とも
友だちに／へメールします。Tomodachi ni/e meeru-shimasu.

I’ll email my friend.

かいしゃしょうかい
あの会社に／へ紹 介します。Ano kaisha ni/e shoukai-shimasu.

I’ll introduce you to that company.

Some verbs can only take に． In the following examples, you can see that there are a number of ways that this particle might be translated into English.

か
ノートに書きました。Nooto ni kakimashita.

I wrote it down in the notebook.

はやしあ
林 さんに会いましたよ。Hayashi-san ni aimashita yo.

I met Ms. Hayashi.

の
エレベーターに乗りましょう。Erebeetaa ni norimashou.

Let’s take the elevator.

せんせい き
先生に聞きます。Sensei ni kikimasu.

I’ll ask the teacher.

6-1-2 〜fun/pun Naming and Counting Minutes

As we learn more time expressions, it’s important to understand the difference between expressions that name things and those that count things. Naming expressions include the days of the week (e.g. getsu-youbi), clock time (e.g. ku-ji), and classifiers such as ~ban, for example. Counting expressions include classifiers such as ~tsu, ~~ko, ~mai, etc. Some classifiers are used for both naming and counting. ~kai for floors is one such classifier.

The classifier ~fun is for both naming and counting minutes. So, jup-pun can either mean ten minutes after the hour, (the point in time–naming), or ten minutes (the length of time –counting). For counting, ~funkan is sometimes used to avoid confusion. In telling clock time, the hour is followed by minutes (ku-ji jup-pun.)

Note the sound change of /f/ to /p/ in combinations with 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and in the question word nan-pun.

Minutes

Hiragana	Other Japanese scripts	English
いっぷん	一分	1 minute
にふん	二分	2 minutes
さんぷん	三分	3 minutes
よんぷん	四分	4 minutes
ごふん	五分	5 minutes
ろっぷん	六分	6 minutes
ななふん	七分	7 minutes
はっぷん／はちふん	八分	8 minutes
きゅうふん	九分	9 minutes
じゅっぷん／じっぷん	十分	10 minutes
なんぷん	何分	how many minutes?

6-1-3Time Particle に

A time expression with particle にindicates the time when something happens or happened. The particles は and も can be added to it.

にちようび かえ
日曜日に帰ります。Nichiyoubi ni kaerimasu.

I’ll return on Sunday.

はちじ で
八時には出ましょう。Hachi-ji ni wa demashou.

Let’s leave at 8:00 (at latest).

じゅうじじゅぎょう
十時にも授 業があります。Juu-ji ni mo jugyou ga arimasu.

I have a class at ten, too.

Two types of time expressions usually do not take the particle ni. One type includes relative time expressions such as kyou、ashita、ima．These expressions refer to different points in time depending on the time frame in which they are used. The other type includes vague time expressions such as asa、hiru、ban.These expressions refer to a period of time without a specific starting or ending point. Compare the following examples with those above.

きょう かえ
今日、帰ります。Kyou kaerimasu.I’ll return today.

あさ で
朝、出ましょう。Asa, demashou.Let’s leave in the morning.

ばんじゅぎょう
晩も、授 業があります。Ban mo jugyou ga arimasu.

I have a class in the evening, too.