会話 Dialogue 3

 

単語 Vocabulary

Romanized Japanese	Hiragana	Other Japanese scripts	English
raishuu	らいしゅう	来週	next week
＋konshuu	こんしゅう	今週	this week
＋senshuu	せんしゅう	先週	last week
to	と		with
tomodachi to	ともだちと	友達と	with a friend
ryokou	りょこう	旅行	trip
＋shucchou	しゅっちょう	出張	business trip
dochira e	どちらへ		where to?
jinja	じんじゃ	神社	(Shinto) shrine
otera	おてら	お寺	(Buddhist) temple
＋kyoukai	きょうかい	教会	church
＋oshiro	おしろ	お城	castle
mawarimasu	まわります	回ります	go around
		X をまわります	take a tour of X
katte	かって	買って	buy (te-form)
katte kimasu	かってきます	買ってきます	go and buy, buy and come back

文法 Grammar Notes

7-3-1 Verb ~te Form

Every verb ends in ~masu/mashita and their negative forms ~masen/~masen deshita. In this lesson we introduce another form, the ~te form. This form has many uses including for making requests and for linking sentences in chronological order.

• To make an informal style request, just use the ~て form. To make a formal style request, add kudasai.

見て。Mite.Look.

見てください。Mite kudasai.Please look.

ちょっと手伝ってください。Chotto tetsudatte kudasai. Please give me a hand.

• To combine two or more sentences into one, change each verb to a 〜て form except for the final verb.

きょうと いてら み
京都に行きます。お寺を見ます。Kyouto ni ikimasu. Otera o mimasu.

I’ll go to Kyoto. I’ll see temples.

きょうといてらみ

→京都に行って、お寺を見ます。Kyouto ni itte, otera o mimasu.

I’ll go to Kyoto and see temples.

It may sound repetitive and immature if more than three sentences are combined in this manner.

How do you make the ~te form of a verb? The conversion rules will be explained in later lessons. For now, memorize the ~te forms of the verbs that have been introduced so far.

Type 1: ~te(tabete, mite, kite, shite, dekite, dete, hanashite, norikaete, orite, ) Type 2: ~tte(ikimasu-itte, kaimasu-katte, tsukaimasu-tsukatte, norimasu-notte,

arimasu-atte,aimasu-atte, wakarimasu-wakatte, kaerimasu-kaette, tsukurimasu-tsukutte, tsukaimasu-tsukatte, hashirimasu-hashitte, )

Type 3: ~ite(kakimasu-kaite, kikimasu-kiite, tsukimasu-tsuite, arukimasu-aruite)

Type 4: ~ide(isogimasu-isoide)

Type 5: ~nde (nomimasu-nonde, yomimasu-yonde)

7-3-2 Verb ~te form + motion verbs

We say itte kimasu when we leave home in the morning or leave the office for a meeting. It literally means ‘I’ll go and come back.’ Similarly, Koohii, katte kimasu means ‘I’ll buy coffee and come back.’

When a ~te form is combined with the kimasu, it has the same meaning as the English phrase ‘go (and) do something.’ In English the going is mentioned and the coming back is assumed. On the other hand, in Japanese the going is assumed and the coming back is mentioned:

ひるはんた

昼ご飯食べてきます。Hirugohan Tabete kimasu. I’ll go and have lunch.

ちょっと見てきます。Chotto mite kimasu.I’ll just go (and) take a look.

In this pattern, the two activities are seen as one sequence, and the negative form negates usually the first activity, not the last. Note the following.

か
おみやげ、買ってきませんでした．Omiyageu katte kimasen deshita.

I (went there) but didn’t buy gifts. (I forgot to buy gifts.)

しゅくだい
宿 題してきませんでした．Shukudai shite kimasen desita.

I didn’t do my homework before I came.

A ~te form can be combined with other verbs of motion such as ikimasu and

kaerimasu as well. Compare the following.

か

買ってきます。Katte kimasuI’ll go and buy it (and come back).

か

買って行きます。Katte ikimasu.I’ll buy it and go.

7-3-3 Particle To indicating accompaniment ‘with’

We learned earlier that the particle to connects nouns.

きょうとあした kyou to ashita Today and tomorrow

In this lesson, we introduce the particle と meaning ‘with.’ It connects the preceding noun to the verb.

ともだちきょうと

友達と京都へ行きます。Tomocachi to Kyouto e ikimasu.

I’m going to Kyoto with a friend.

せんせい はな
先生と話しました。Sensei to hanashimashita. I talked with a teacher.