Present Subjunctive Conjugation: Regular Verbs

Regular verbs follow these patterns in the present subjunctive:

amar		comer		vivir
ame yo	amemos nosotros	coma yo	comemos nosotros	viva yo	vivamos nosotros
ames tú / vos	améis vosotros	comas tú / vos	comáis vosotros	vivas tú / vos	viváis vosotros
ame usted él, ella	amen ustedes ellos, ellas	coma usted él, ella	coman usted él, ella	viva usted él, ella	vivan usted él, ella

Present Subjunctive Conjugation: Verbs With Spelling Changes

Some verbs have spelling changes to correctly reflect the pronunciation.

• Verbs that end in -ger & -gir have a g → j spelling change.
  

• Verbs ending in -guir have a gu → g spelling change.
  

• Verbs ending in -ncer (vencer & convencer) have a c → z spelling change.
  

• Verbs ending in -car have a c → que spelling change.
  

• Verbs ending in -gar have a g → gu spelling change.
  

• Verbs ending in -zar have a z → c spelling change.
  

Present Subjunctive Conjugation: Irregular Verbs

-AR and -ER verbs that have an E → IE and O →UE stem change in the present indicative, maintain those same stem changes in the present subjunctive.

• E → IE stem changes: Verbs like QUERER
  

  
  Other verbs like QUERER: cerrar, comenzar, empezar, entender, pensar, perder

• U → UE stem changes: Verbs like ALMORZAR
  

  Other verbs like ALMORZAR: contar, mostrar, mover, recordar, sonar, soñar, volar, volver

• Present indicative -IR verbs that have E → IE and O → UE stem changes, maintain these changes in the present subjunctive. Addtionaly, some of these verbs have an E → I and O → U stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Study the stem changes in the following image.
  

  PRÁCTICA DE CONJUGACIÓN: STEM-CHANGING VERBS IN PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE

   

Present Subjunctive Conjugation: Other Irregularities

• Verbs ending in -UIR, with the exception of seguir, get a Y added after the U in all forms of the present subjunctive.
  • INCLUIR: incluya, incluyas, incluya, incluyamos, incluyáis, incluyan
  • HUIR: huya, huyas, huya, huyamos, huyáis, huyan

• -IAR and -UAR verbs have a written accent on the í and the ú in every form except for nosotros and vosotros.
  • ENVIAR: envíe, envíes, envíe, enviemos, enviéis, envíen
  • CONTINUAR: continúe, continúes, continúe, continuemos, continuéis, continúen

• Other verbs that have an irregularity in only the YO form of the present subjunctive, have a similary irregularity in all forms of the present subjunctive.
  

  infinitive	indicative
  caber caer conocer hacer poner salir tener traer valer ver	quepo caigo conozco hago pongo salgo tenga traigo valgo veo

  Other verbs like conocer: agradecer, amanecer, aparecer, complacer, conducir, crecer, establecer, lucir, merecer, ofrecer padecer, parecer, permanecer, perecer, producir, reconocer, traducir

Present Subjunctive Conjugation: Six Common Irregular Verbs

Finally, we have six common irregular verbs that don’t follow the other patterns in the present subjunctive: dar, estar, haber, ir, saber, and ser.